PPL theory · learn with explanations
To solve PPL navigation questions, separate distance, time and ground speed. The following examples use short calculations with explicit units: try them yourself, then check the method. These are theory exercises with stated assumptions to make each calculation clear.
A free FlightDesk account is required to practise. The examples below are available without an account.
In PPL navigation questions, check the units first. One knot is one nautical mile per hour: to find time, divide distance by ground speed and convert hours into minutes. Ground speed does not always equal TAS: in examples with a direct headwind, subtract the wind component. For fuel consumption, express time in hours before multiplying by litres per hour. These simplified exercises make each step of the calculation clear.
Choose an answer and select Check. You can also read the solution without JavaScript.
30 minutes.
Time in hours is distance divided by ground speed: 45 ÷ 90 = 0.5 hours. Multiplying by 60 gives 30 minutes. Use ground speed rather than indicated airspeed: wind can change the time needed to cover the same distance.
80 kt.
For a directly opposing headwind, ground speed is TAS minus the headwind component: 100 − 20 = 80 kt. With an oblique wind, you must also consider the crosswind component and drift correction: simple subtraction does not describe the whole wind triangle.
16 litres.
First convert time to hours: 40 ÷ 60 = 2/3. Leg fuel is therefore 24 × 2/3 = 16 litres. This value covers only the assumptions in the question; it is not total fuel to load, which requires a plan including all flight phases and applicable reserves.
The examples above are original teaching exercises. Sign in to your account to practise by subject and find your quizzes in the history shared with the FlightDesk apps.
Practise for freeStudy exercises, not official examination questions. To explore the concepts: FAA · Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge.
